Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a clinical seminar

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract Rationale for review: Enteric fever (EF) caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) and S. Paratyphi Paratyphi) remains an important cause of infectious morbidity mortality in many low-income countries and, therefore, still poses a major risk travellers to endemic countries. Main findings: Although the global burden EF has decreased over past two decades, prevalence high Asia Africa, with highest reported from Indian subcontinent. These statistics are mirrored data on travel-related EF. Widespread increasing antimicrobial resistance narrowed treatment options Ceftriaxone- azithromycin-based therapies commonly used, even emergence extremely drug-resistant typhoid Pakistan. Preventive measures among locals include provision safe food water vaccination. Food precautions offer limited protection, efficacy vaccines is only moderate signifying need be extra cautious. Recommendations: Improvement diagnosis degree clinical suspicion, better diagnostic assays, early accurate detection resistance, therapy appropriate drugs, improvements hygiene sanitation drinking areas vaccination as well population keys controlling typhoid. While recommended high-risk areas, inability protect against limitations bear mind. Improved A required.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Travel Medicine

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1195-1982', '1708-8305']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taab012